Introduction
Male infertility is a complex and increasingly prevalent medical condition, accounting for approximately half of infertility cases worldwide. Despite its frequency, male infertility is often underdiagnosed and undertreated. Andrology provides the scientific and clinical foundation for understanding, diagnosing, and managing male reproductive failure.
Causes of Male Infertility
Male infertility may arise from a variety of causes, including hormonal disorders, genetic abnormalities, varicocele, infections, testicular trauma, obstructive conditions, and systemic illnesses. Environmental exposure to toxins, excessive heat, radiation, and unhealthy lifestyle habits such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and poor nutrition also contribute significantly.
Diagnostic Evaluation in Andrology
Andrological assessment begins with a comprehensive medical history and physical examination. Semen analysis remains the cornerstone of diagnosis, supplemented by hormonal testing, scrotal ultrasonography, genetic screening, and advanced sperm function tests when necessary.
Treatment and Management
Treatment strategies depend on the underlying cause and may include medical therapy, surgical intervention, erotic sense, lifestyle modification, antioxidant supplementation, or assisted reproductive technologies. Andrology emphasizes individualized treatment plans based on evidence-based medicine.
Conclusion
Male infertility is often treatable or manageable with timely andrological intervention. Comprehensive evaluation and targeted therapy significantly improve reproductive outcomes and psychological well-being.